Print [1]Russell, Wayne and Heiko Herwald. Concepts in Bacterial Virulence. Basel, Switzerland: Karger Publishers, Print [2]Sansonetti, Philippe.
Print [3]Dobrindt, Ulrich et al. Between Pathogenicity and Commensalism. Berlin, Germany: Springer, Print [4]Kudva, Indira T. Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens. Print [5]Johnson, Douglas I. Bacterial Pathogens and Their Virulence Factors. User assumes all risk of use, damage, or injury.
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Especially, in animals, it can be identified as the degree of damage caused by a microbe to its host. As described above, virulence occurs while spreading pathogens in their hosts. Especially, virulence is related to the pathogenicity as virulence factors are the major determinants of pathogenicity.
In bacteria, virulence factors include proteins and other molecules. Moreover, the virulence bacteria cause diseases in a mechanism, which composes of five steps. They are adhesion, colonization, invasion, immune response inhibitors, and toxins. Significantly, adhesion is the first step in causing diseases. During adhesion, bacteria bind to the surface of the host cell. Then, they undergo multiplication in order to form colonies.
After that, these virulence bacteria invade host cells by disrupting host cell membranes. In the meanwhile, most of the bacteria produce immune response inhibitors, which inhibit the defense mechanisms of the host immune system.
Also, the proteins made by these bacteria serve as toxins, which cause tissue damages. For instance, both immune response inhibitors and toxins are virulence factors. Pathogenicity refers to the absolute ability of an infectious agent to cause disease in a host, while virulence refers to the ability of the pathogen to infect or damage the host. Pathogenicity follows virulence, while virulence is in the initial stage of host-pathogen interactions.
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