In other words, you just don't make good decisions while high. According to Newsday , Dykstra's abuse of prescription drugs began in his playing days. When he appeared in court to face charges of fraud and money laundering in , papers filed with the court acknowledged that as a player, Dykstra regularly used Dexedrine, Adderall, and Vicodin. Considering how often Dykstra was injured, it's not terribly surprising he used painkillers and other drugs to get by.

After his playing days were over, however, he continued to abuse drugs. The same court filings admit that once retired he switched to alternative painkillers, most notably Percocet. Dykstra had long battled an alcohol problem as well. The New York Times reports that in Dykstra crashed his car, injuring himself and teammate Darren Daulton, and was found to have twice the legal limit of alcohol in his blood.

In the court papers filed in , Dykstra admitted to drinking a liter of vodka a day. He was eventually sentenced to three years in prison. Lenny didn't learn much from his prison stint. Dykstra, 35, asked the Philadelphia Phillies to place him on the voluntary retired list rather than become a free agent on the last day for players to file.

He gave it his best shot, and at least he can go away saying he gave it a shot and it didn't work. Free-agent list. Nightengale: Free-agent notebook. After his retirement in and despite his growing family, Dykstra turned to drugs.

It was discovered that he, along with several other players, had used steroids in the MLB. When asked why he said he did it for his family. Dykstra and his wife divorced in , and he filed for bankruptcy the same year. His drug habit advanced into marijuana, cocaine, and ecstasy, and his problems increased with charges for indecent exposure and sexual battery, as well as grand theft auto.

He served time in for bankruptcy fraud, concealment of assets, and money laundering. Dykstra served six-and-a-half months of a three-year sentence in federal jail for the bankruptcy fraud and grand theft auto. He was charged with two misdemeanor counts of indecent exposure after prosecutors said exposed himself to six women who answered ads he placed on Craigslist between and April seeking a housekeeper or personal assistant.

He was sentenced in to nine months in jail after pleading no contest, according to CNN. The woman also claimed on her blog that she received emails from two other women who were not paid in full by Dykstra and that he stole one of their credit cards, the article states.

Dykstra was sentenced to three years in a California state prison in March after pleading no contest to grand theft auto and providing a false financial statement. A Los Angeles County Superior Court judge sentenced him after refusing to allow him to withdraw his plea and said the scam to lease high-end automobiles from dealerships by providing fraudulent information and claiming credit through a phony business "showed sophistication and extensive planning.

Dykstra pleaded not guilty to 25 counts after police arrested him in June and allegedly found cocaine, ecstasy and synthetic human growth hormone at his Los Angeles home. He changed his plea in October to no contest and in exchange prosecutors dropped 21 counts. Dykstra was released from prison in July after serving six and a half months of his sentence. Associated Press photo. Associated Press. The indictment stemmed from a bankruptcy case that Dykstra filed on in He was accused of removing, destroying and selling property that was part of the bankruptcy estate without the permission of the bankruptcy trustee, the article states.

His prison term ran concurrently with the three-year sentence in the grand theft auto case. Rossi told TMZ that Dykstra offered to help her sell jewelry and that he kept everything except for a pair of diamond earrings. Rossi said that the earrings she got back were fake. According to a report from the New York Post, Dykstra allegedly checked in with a woman to a Hamptons hotel in August for a two-night stay and by the end of it, he was accused of damaging it, smoking marijuana and stealing towels, bedsheets and the receptionist's sunglasses.

I talked to fewer people, yes, but our conversations were better. Instead of sending a generic snap to twenty people, I can send a more meaningful text to a classmate or call my best friend or take the time to tell my coworker about my day in person. I interact with fewer people than I did on Snapchat, but our communication is more personal and more mutual. I severed some outdated friendships amicably. My Snapchat account was created when I was in ninth grade, eight years ago.

Everyone I met or befriended from the two high schools I went to, the six jobs I had and each interaction I had in college remained in my contacts. Looking back on it, that sounds kind of crazy. Why would I send the same snap of a video game I played to a boy I liked in middle school, a girl I used to work with, and my mom? I would never have texted them about it. Snapchat-user Allison was not cute, so killing her off was a breath of relief. This created a natural way to filter out the people who I am close with from those who I am amicably distant from.

All it means is that you are focusing on the people who focus on you. I am more in tune with my surroundings. For some reason, Snapchat inspires people — even more so than Instagram — to stay plugged in at all times.

And given all of its fun features, like the goofy selfies, real-time life updates and dog filters, it's easy to get carried away with the photo-sharing platform. But what do you do when you want to take a break from Snapchat? Or even delete your Snapchat account?

If you're looking to do a complete social media detox you can also follow our instructions for deleting TikTok and Instagram. Whether you're deleting Snapchat in favor of Instagram Stories, because you hate the Snap Map feature, or simply because you don't like it, it only takes a few minutes to delete or deactivate your account.

There, you simply fill out your details and confirm that you wish to permanently deactivate your profile. On a mobile phone, whether it's an Apple device or Android, you can also delete your profile by clicking on your avatar and then selecting the 'Settings' option.

From the option that'll be provided, you can also deactivate your profile. Once you ask to delete your account, Snapchat keeps your data and information for 30 days. However, you can only do so on the Snapchat website, which means you'll need to know your login information. Keep in mind that once you complete these steps, your Snapchat account won't be deleted right away. It'll be deactivated for 30 days, during which time you'll have the option to reactivate your account before it's permanently deleted.

If you decide to reactivate your Snapchat account before 30 days have passed, you can do so by simply logging back in with your username and password. It may take up to 24 hours for your account to reactivate. For you. World globe An icon of the world globe, indicating different international options. Get the Insider App.

With the support of the Byzantine emperor, the knights , guided by Armenian Christians In June , the Crusaders began a five-week siege of Jerusalem, which fell on July 15, Eyewitness accounts attest to the terror of battle. The Crusaders took over many of the cities on the Mediterranean coast and built a large number of fortified castles across the Holy Land to protect their newly established territories For the Crusaders, the Dome of the Rock was the Temple of Solomon; the Aqsa mosque was converted to use as a palace and stables.

The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem established by the Crusaders boasted fifteen cathedral churches. The Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, for example, became the seat of a Western Christian bishop in Artists from different traditions met in the city of Jerusalem, with, for example, Syrian goldworkers on the right of the market near the Holy Sepulcher, and Latin goldworkers on the left Conder Indeed, metalwork from this period sometimes combines an Islamic aesthetic with Christian subject matter Some pieces even bear an inscription indicating that they were made by an Islamic goldsmith for a Christian.

Precious works of art fashioned for the churches of Europe celebrated their links to the Holy Land The campaign was a dismal failure because the Muslims had regrouped. Let them go. By the end of the Third Crusade —92 , Crusader forces had gained Cyprus and the coastal city of Acre.

Saladin guaranteed access to Jerusalem to European pilgrims and welcomed Jews back to the city as well. The Fourth Crusade With each crusade, relations between the Byzantines and the Western forces became more estranged. The Fourth Crusade set out in with Egypt as its goal. In , the Byzantines regained the city. Soon both were fully-fledged religious institutions, whose members took the monastic vows of poverty, chastity and obedience.

It proved a popular concept and donations from admiring and grateful pilgrims meant that the Military Orders developed a major role as landowners, as the custodians of castles and as the first real standing army in Christendom. They were independent of the control of the local rulers and could, at times, cause trouble for the king or squabble with one another.

The Templars and Hospitallers also held huge tracts of land across western Europe, which provided income for the fighting machine in the Levant, especially the construction of the castles that became so vital to the Christian hold on the region. Fortified by this powerful call to live up to the deeds of their first crusading forefathers, coupled with the inspiring rhetoric of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, the rulers of France and Germany took the cross to mark the start of royal involvement in the Crusades.

Christian rulers in Iberia joined with the Genoese in attacking the towns of Almeria in southern Spain and Tortosa in the north-east ; likewise the nobles of northern Germany and the rulers of Denmark launched an expedition against the pagan Wends of the Baltic shore around Stettin. While this was no grand plan of Pope Eugenius but rather a reaction to appeals sent to him, it shows the confidence in crusading at this time.

In the event, this optimism proved deeply unfounded. A group of Anglo-Norman, Flemish and Rhineland crusaders captured Lisbon in and the other Iberian campaigns were also successful but the Baltic campaign achieved virtually nothing and the most prestigious expedition of all, that to the Holy Land, was a disaster, as Jonathan Phillips explains in his article.

The two armies lacked discipline, supplies and finance, and both were badly mauled by the Seljuk Turks as they crossed Asia Minor. Then, in conjunction with the Latin settlers, the crusaders laid siege to the most important Muslim city in Syria, Damascus. Yet, after only four days, fear of relief forces led by Zengi's son, Nur ad-Din, prompted an ignominious retreat.

The crusaders blamed the Franks of the Near East for this failure, accusing them of accepting a pay-off to retreat. Whatever the truth in this, the defeat at Damascus certainly damaged crusade enthusiasm in the West and over the next three decades, in spite of increasingly elaborate and frantic appeals for help, there was no major crusade to the Holy Land.

To regard the Franks as entirely enfeebled would, however, be a serious error. They captured Ascalon in to complete their control of the Levantine coast, an important advance for the security of trade and pilgrim traffic in terms of reducing harassment by Muslim shipping.

The following year, however, Nur ad-Din took power in Damascus to mark the first time that the cities had been joined with Aleppo under the rule of the same man during the crusader period, something that greatly increased the threat to the Franks. Nur ad-Din's considerable personal piety, his encouragement of madrasas teaching colleges and the composition of jihad poetry and texts extolling the virtues of Jerusalem created a bond between the religious and the ruling classes that had been conspicuously lacking since the crusaders arrived in the East.

During the s Nur ad-Din, acting as the champion of Sunni orthodoxy, seized control of Shi'ite Egypt, dramatically raising the strategic pressure on the Franks and at the same time enhancing the financial resources at his disposal through the fertility of the Nile Delta and the vital port of Alexandria. This period of the history of the Latin East is related in detail by the most important historian of the age, William, Archbishop of Tyre, as Peter Edbury describes.

William was an immensely educated man, who soon became embroiled in the bitter political struggles of the late s and s during the reign of the tragic figure of King Baldwin IV , a youth afflicted by leprosy. The need to establish his successor provided an opportunity for rival factions to emerge and to cause the Franks to expend much of their energy on bickering with each other.

That is not to say that they were unable to inflict serious damage on Nur ad-Din's ambitious successor, Saladin, who from his base in Egypt, hoped to usurp his former master's dynasty, draw the Muslim Near East together and to expel the Franks from Jerusalem. Norman Housely expertly relates this period in his article.

In , however, the Franks triumphed at the Battle of Montgisard, a victory that was widely reported in western Europe and did little to convince people of the settlers' very real need for help. The construction in and of the large castle of Jacob's Ford, only a day's ride from Damascus, was another aggressive gesture that required Saladin to destroy the place.

Yet by the sultan had gathered a large, but fragile coalition of warriors from Egypt, Syria and Iraq that was sufficient to bring the Franks into the field and to inflict upon them a terrible defeat at Hattin on July 4th.

Within months, Jerusalem fell and Saladin had recovered Islam's third most important city after Mecca and Medina, an achievement that still echoes down the centuries. News of the calamitous fall of Jerusalem sparked grief and outrage in the West.

Pope Urban III was said to have died of a heart attack at the news and his successor, Gregory VIII, issued an emotive crusade appeal and the rulers of Europe began to organise their forces. Frederick Barbarossa's German army successfully defeated the Seljuk Turks in Asia Minor only for the emperor to drown crossing a river in southern Turkey.

Soon afterwards many of the Germans died of sickness and Saladin escaped facing this formidable enemy. The Franks in the Levant had managed to cling onto the city of Tyre and then besieged the most important port on the coast, Acre.

This provided a target for western forces and it was here in the summer of that Philip Augustus and Richard the Lionheart landed. The siege had lasted almost two years and the arrival of the two western kings and their troops gave the Christians the momentum they needed. The city surrendered and Saladin's prestige was badly dented.

Philip soon returned home and while Richard made two attempts to march on Jerusalem, fears as to its long-term prospects after he left meant that the holy city remained in Muslim hands. Thus the Third Crusade failed in its ultimate objective, although it did at least allow the Franks to recover a strip of lands along the coast to provide a springboard for future expeditions.

For his part, Saladin had suffered a series of military setbacks but, crucially, he had held onto Jerusalem for Islam. Portrait of Saladin.

The pontificate of Innocent III saw another phase in the expansion of crusading. Campaigns in the Baltic advanced further and the holy war in Iberia stepped forwards too. In Muslims had crushed Christian forces at the Battle of Alarcos, which, so soon after the disaster at Hattin, seemed to show God's deep displeasure with his people.

By , however, the rulers of Iberia managed to pull together to rout the Muslims at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa to seal a major step in the recovery of the peninsula. That said, the particular cultural, political and religious make-up of the region mean that it would be wrong, as in the Holy Land, to characterise relations between religious groups as constant warfare, a situation outlined by Robert Burns and Paul Chevedden. In southern France, meanwhile, efforts to curb the Cathar heresy had failed and, in a bid to defeat this sinister threat to the Church in its own backyard, Innocent authorised a crusade to the area.

See the piece by Richard Cavendish. Catharism was a dualist faith, albeit with a few links to mainstream Christian practice, but it also had its own hierarchy and was intent upon replacing the existing elite. Years of warfare ensued as the crusaders, led by Simon de Monfort, sought to drive the Cathars out, but ultimately their roots in southern French society meant they could endure and it was only the more pervasive techniques of the Inquisition, initiated in the s, that succeeded where force had failed.

The most infamous episode of the age was the Fourth Crusade which saw another effort to recover Jerusalem end up sacking Constantinople, the greatest Christian city in the world. Jonathan Phillips describes this episode. The reasons for this were a combination of long-standing tensions between the Latin Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox; the need for the crusaders to fulfil the terms of a wildly over-optimistic contract for transportation to the Levant with the Venetians and the offer to pay this off by a claimant to the Byzantine throne.

This combination of circumstances brought the crusaders to the walls of Constantinople and when their young candidate was murdered and the locals turned definitively against them they attacked and stormed the city. At first Innocent was delighted that Constantinople was under Latin authority but as he learned of the violence and looting that had accompanied the conquest he was horrified and castigated the crusaders for 'the perversion of their pilgrimage'.

One consequence of was the creation of a series of Frankish States in Greece that, over time, also needed support. Thus, in the course of the 13th century, crusades were preached against these Christians, although by Constantinople itself was back in Greek hands. In spite of this series of disasters, it is interesting to see that crusading remained an attractive concept, something made manifest by the near-legendary Children's Crusade of Inspired by divine visions, two groups of young peasants best described as youths, rather than children gathered around Cologne and near Chartres in the belief that their purity would ensure divine approval and enable them to recover the Holy Land.

Edward I of England took on another expedition in This battle, which is often grouped with the Eighth Crusade but is sometimes referred to as the Ninth Crusade, accomplished very little and was considered the last significant crusade to the Holy Land. In , one of the only remaining Crusader cities, Acre, fell to the Muslim Mamluks. Many historians believe this defeat marked the end of the Crusader States and the Crusades themselves.

Though the Church organized minor Crusades with limited goals after —mainly military campaigns aimed at pushing Muslims from conquered territory, or conquering pagan regions—support for such efforts diminished in the 16th century, with the rise of the Reformation and the corresponding decline of papal authority. While the Crusades ultimately resulted in defeat for Europeans and a Muslim victory , many argue that they successfully extended the reach of Christianity and Western civilization.

The Roman Catholic Church experienced an increase in wealth, and the power of the Pope was elevated after the Crusades ended. Trade and transportation also improved throughout Europe as a result of the Crusades. The wars created a constant demand for supplies and transportation, which resulted in ship-building and the manufacturing of various supplies. After the Crusades, there was a heightened interest in travel and learning throughout Europe, which some historians believe may have paved the way for the Renaissance.

Among followers of Islam , however, the Crusaders were regarded as immoral, bloody and savage. The ruthless and widespread massacre of Muslims, Jews and other non-Christians resulted in bitter resentment that persisted for many years. Timeline for the Crusades and Christian Holy War to c. The Crusades: LordsAndLadies.

Crusades: New Advent. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. At the height of his power, he ruled a unified Muslim region Not so for the medieval holy wars called the Crusades. Muslim forces ultimately expelled the European Christians who invaded the eastern Mediterranean repeatedly in the 12th and 13th centuries—and thwarted their effort to regain The Church of the Holy Sepulchre stood at the site where Christians believed his tomb was found.

Christian pilgrims had come to the city for centuries. To Muslims, Jerusalem is the third most holy city, as Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven from there. Arab Muslims conquered the Holy Land in Following this time, Christian pilgrims were free to visit the church. It became harder for Christian pilgrims to visit as various Muslim groups struggled for power.

Tesco and Carrefour to split after three-year purchasing alliance comes to end, extension ruled out. More Articles. Dear industry colleague, I would like to share this article with you as I believe you may find it interesting.

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Foods with a low GI take longer for the body to digest, leading to more balanced blood sugar levels. A diet with plenty of low GI foods, together with exercise and regular sleep, can help a person maintain health and a moderate weight. One factor that increases the GI score of a food is the milling and grinding process, which often leaves no more than the starchy endosperm, or the inner part, of the seed or grain.

This is mainly starch. Carbohydrates are an important source of energy for the body. Some types are more healthful than others. For instance, dietary fiber is a carbohydrate that protects heart and gut health, whereas added sugars can lead to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and overweight.

Following a well-balanced diet that includes unprocessed carbohydrates, and getting enough sleep and physical activity, are more likely to lead to good health and a healthful body weight than focusing on or eliminating a particular nutrient. Carbohydrates provide the body with energy and are a vital part of a nutritious diet. Some carbohydrates are better for health than others, however…. People digest simple carbs faster than complex ones, and both types provide the body with its energy.

Learn more about the difference between simple…. Carbohydrates provide essential fuel for the body and are necessary for it to function efficiently. Many high-carb foods offer health benefits, such…. A low-carb diet is one strategy to help manage diabetes symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

In this article, learn why a low-carb diet…. A keto diet prioritizes fats and proteins over carbs. It may help reduce body weight, acne, and the risk of cancer. Learn about the benefits and risks…. What you need to know about carbs. What are they? Nutrition Chemistry Simple and complex carbs High or low carb diets? Diabetes Glycemic index Summary Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body.

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This content does not have an Arabic version. See more conditions. Healthy Lifestyle Nutrition and healthy eating. Products and services. Carbohydrates: How carbs fit into a healthy diet Carbohydrates aren't bad, but some may be healthier than others. By Mayo Clinic Staff. Thank you for Subscribing Our Housecall e-newsletter will keep you up-to-date on the latest health information.

Please try again. Something went wrong on our side, please try again. Show references Colditz GA. Heathy diet in adults. Accessed Nov. Feldman M, et al. Digestion and absorption of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and protein. Philadelphia, Pa. Carbohydrate counting and diabetes. Duyff RL. Hoboken, N. Li Y, et al. Saturated fats compared with unsaturated fats and sources of carbohydrates in relation to risk of coronary heart disease. Carbs have been shown to protect the body against certain disease and cancer.

Complex carbohydrates like oatmeal are rich in fiber and when consumed regularly indicated to reduce the risk of hypertension and heart problems. Additional health benefits include reduced incidence of obesity, protection against Type-2 diabetes and an optimal digestive system. Carbohydrates are also shown to promote weight loss and the ability to maintain the goal weight.

Research indicates carbohydrates are an essential part of a healthy diet providing vital nutrients the body requires for optimal functioning. The two main types of carbohydrates are simple and complex. Simple carbs include sugars naturally occurring in foods like fruits, vegetables, and milk. Added sugars found in prepared or processed foods are also listed under the simple carb category but aren't as healthy.

They have fewer nutrients than foods with naturally-occurring sugars. Simple carbohydrates enter the bloodstream quickly providing rapid energy for body functions.

Many active adults and athletes will consume raisins or banana prior to a workout and feel this provides adequate energy for the session. Other simple carbs are known for their superior antioxidants and high nutrient value include:. Complex carbs include fiber and starch and take longer to digest before the body can use the glucose as an energy source. Samples of healthy complex carbs include whole grain bread, quinoa, sweet potatoes, beans, most vegetables, and oats.

Many individuals also combine a protein source like egg whites with complex carbs, especially if preparing for an intense weight training session. Complex carbs are higher in nutrient value than simple carbohydrates and should make up the largest percent of our nutrition.

The following complex carbohydrates are an excellent source of fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals:. The body functions at its best when healthy selections of both simple and complex carbs are consumed on a regular basis. Learning how to select the best carbohydrates to maintain a healthy body will reduce the anxiety surrounding all the hype about not eating carbs and enable a more simplistic and realistic approach to eating healthy.

Making sure you find healthy carbohydrate sources is key to maintaining behavior that will encourage healthy eating. Many people believe a no carb diet is a requirement for getting in shape but it can often lead to more severe health problems. Schedule a consultation with a Nutritional Therapist at Behavioral Nutrition for help finding a healthy diet for your specific situation. Office: Fax: Email: info behavioralnutrition.

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A good alternative for a capable all round vehicle that fits in this similarly is called Jeepspeed. I'd love a true 4 seat capable 4wd prerunner style rig. I have personally built and owned a couple Ranger and Tacoma Pre-Runners. It's cheaper and easier to work on. These are not mud trucks and as far as your concern in deep sand paddle tires are used. A Ranger with a 5. Most run the stock engines with minor mods like exhaust.

Where do you plan on taking this truck out at? Would this be your 1st trophy truck? Are you capable of doing your own fab work? You'll need to log in to post. Log in. Login Digital Edition Buy a Subscription. Forums » Grassroots Motorsports » I can't stop thinking about this Not sure rotary would have the torque you need. Interested in the build. I like your F idea. That thing would be sweet. Wouldn't that just be the Raptor? Woody wrote: I understand that prerunners are 2wd, but I never understood the reasoning behind that.

It looks like it is wearing a speedo. Giant Purple Snorklewacker wrote: It looks like it is wearing a speedo. A good alternative for a capable all round vehicle that fits in this similarly is called Jeepspeed I'd love a true 4 seat capable 4wd prerunner style rig.

Know what's more badass? Just bought a Ranger and you're giving me dirty ideas. I'd be more likely to go car, though. BajaBronco13 Well-Known Member. Agree on the bronco. ErikShallbetter Well-Known Member. Buy used! By the time you get something together and all of the bugs worked out You'll wonder why you didn't buy someone's ride and then update it to your liking.

TrophyGirlDesigns Active Member. I got by for several years with this as my intro to go-fast desert driving and eventually short course racing while still being a daily driver or at least street legal: Ford Ranger -Extra cab at minimum.

Some swear it's all in speed matching, but I couldn't master it, but got better at it. The Toyota 5 speed is more durable. I just air down, be careful where I drive slow and park, and don't go anywhere alone -Deaver leaf packs with 14" 2. A must for me. Nothing is worse than looking like a prerunner without being able to run like one. I still went on plenty of camping trips and used the bed like a pickup bed -Limited slip differential in an 8.

I damaged my pinion flange and driveline yoke during axle wrap without the traction bar " BFG All terrains Baja champion, and long life if rotated, kept in alignment and proper air pressure maintained on-road mpg on highway, can't complain -4 point harnesses Nice comfy Crow harnesses. Did a lot of maintanance and upgrades. Won me a short course season championship and lots of good memories. Toyota - 4Runner. Join us now! Mark Forums Read. User Tag List. Page 2 of 2.

Thread Tools. Rate Thread. View Public Profile. Fishwerks Senior Member. Quote: Originally Posted by absolute yota Pre runners are cool if you live in a flat area with no mud and just drive fast, jump stuff. Find More Posts by Fishwerks. Posts: 3, Find More Posts by 02SE. KidVermicious Elite Member. Visit KidVermicious's homepage! Paisano Member. Find More Posts by Paisano. Quote: Originally Posted by 02SE Just an FYI, a Prerunner, not to be confused with the 2wd Tacoma which was named after this class of vehicle is a truck based on a production truck, which has had some work done mainly to the suspension, so it can 'prerun' a race course, albeit at much lower speeds than the actual race vehicles are capable of.

Posting Rules. Similar Threads. Prerunner 4runners!!! Correct point for jacking with OEM jack and correct jack stand point?

My son seems to have inherited her exact ways, dominating, blaming, arrogant dogmatic, and extremely selfish while my daughter was and is, always kind and helpful to everyone, ever since she was a toddler. I am quite a few years from 70 but as a 48 year old, I can vouch what you have said. There are people born this way. The author claims that calling people sociopaths is dehumanizing them. In any event, I have dealt with sociopaths. They are real, and their cruelty and meanness has nothing to do with pain.

In fact, many of them are extremely well-adjusted and happy, because their entire state of being is based on acquiring things and seeing other people as merely an extension of getting what they want.

How unfair! Everyone has the capacity to shine brighter than the sun, just make sure you bring the appropriate sunblock for those pesky UV rays that persist on burning you. As an emotional sensitive person growing up with a sometimes cruel mother Ive learned the hard way that its not my responsibility to absorb or carry other peoples pain. Its alot of undoing and unlearning emotional burdens that were not mine to carry in the first place. I still often feel responsible and guilty for other peoples emotions, especially anger.

I now understand more about the pain and fear behind peoples cruel words and violence that I feel more compassion for them but at the same time I release myself of the burdens of carrying their unresolved issues. Ive bettered learned to set boundaries , to stand up for myself and better yet, to stay clear from these toxic people.

I have learned that some of the cruelest, most selfish people live the longest. It is said that everything in nature is balanced. But i can not see even a single person who can say that he or she is happy. And i am no different. I have hurt people and have been hurt. Could not find how nature balances it. I was in a toxic relationship with my ex and she hurt me a lot. We both had mental problems depression and we broke up in the worst way. But now that I am wiser and older, i look back at that relationship and i feel guilty; because I feel like I could help her to love herself.

How can I move on from this feeling? There is no guarantee that what works for some people will work for everybody in the same situation. You need to do what you believe is best in your personal situation and not compare with others. Not everything is for everybody.

Well said, Alexandra. He bit like a playground runt to protect the defenseless little person he thought himself to be. The belief that we are smaller and less powerful than others underlies most meanness, even when that belief is delusional. But we can also use our author's imagination to size things in our favor. Think of a person who's been nasty to you. Imagine that person shrinking to one inch tall. Picture your enemy stomping around in the palm of your hand, yelling or sneering all the customary cruelties.

You'll find that if your critic is making a valid point, it will still sound accurate, but mere verbal abuse is hilarious when squeaked in the voice of an inch-tall Mini-Mean. Whatever your reaction to this tiny villain, that's probably the best way to react to your life-size challenger.

If the insults are laughable, just laugh. If the mean person has a point, tell her that you get it, but she could stand to work on her people skills. Practice what you would say if you felt big and invulnerable, then say it, even if you're scared.

Be "big" by responding to cruelty with honest calm rather than aggression or submissiveness. Ernest Hemingway claimed the most essential talent for a good writer was simply a "built-in, shockproof shit detector. To write the stories of our lives as honestly as possible, we must thoroughly reject crap.

This is especially useful when cruelty masquerades as kindness. Some of the most merciless behavior ever perpetrated looks very nice. The sweeter a lie sounds, the meaner it really is. Avery Rogers is a high school student in California.

She aspires to be an author, spiritual writer, and neuroscientist when she grows up. She is the creator and host of the Brainstorms Podcast , a neuroscience podcast for teenagers.

This site is not intended to provide and does not constitute medical, legal, or other professional advice. The content on Tiny Buddha is designed to support, not replace, medical or psychiatric treatment. Please seek professional care if you believe you may have a condition. Before using the site, please read our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. Click to opt-out of Google Analytics tracking. Though I run this site, it is not mine. It's ours. It's not about me. It's about us. Your stories and your wisdom are just as meaningful as mine.

Click here to read more. When I became depressed, though, my temper shortened and I felt far more irritable. Loving Kindness Meditation. Self-Esteem Exercise. Lies You Were Told. Choosing Happiness. Although the issue may be more prevalent online due to the anonymity and accessibility, it is by no means limited to the online community.

The more that people can recognize that the meanness they experience from others is either unintentional or is more about the mean person rather than about them, the less they personalize the meanness and the less impact it has on them. Fran focused on doing a good job at work and because she tended to not spend much time chatting with her co-workers she tended to accomplish a great deal. In fact, it was apparent to everyone that she was able to complete more tasks than her co-workers who spent a great deal of time on their phones, playing on the internet, and talking with one another.

You make everyone else look bad by being such a brown-noser. Obviously, Fran hadn't done anything wrong. The problem in this situation was the co-worker who was directing her anger at Fran rather than taking responsibility for her own behavior.

This misdirected self-protective behavior often occurs when someone has problems with insecurity which frequently leads to jealousy and blame. However, even though Fran wasn't wrong, she still suffered the consequences of the co-worker's wrath. In fact, this is the purpose of such behavior, by blaming the problem on someone else and causing them to feel bad, the co-worker could feel better. I don't believe most people are mean people.

However, under the right circumstances, most people can be mean. The subject was to ask this person questions and to deliver a shock by flipping a switch on the machine in front of them. The device had a dial on it clearly labeled from mild to dangerous.

The researcher told the subject to increase the amount of shock with each wrong answer. This type of study is not allowed to be conducted today due to the potential psychological harm to the subject from knowing they could cause harm to another human being. However, the research and other similar research was conducted with different variations showing the same type of outcome. I believe that this research shows what I stated earlier, that under the right circumstances most people can be mean.

The circumstance in this research was the pressure to obey, the pressure to conform, the stress of the situation, and the fear of authority. Often there appears to be so many mean people in the world around us, because the behavior of mean people tends to be more noticeable. One reason for this is probably the way our brains are wired for survival.

According to Rick Hanson, author of Buddha's Brain, we need to be especially observant of the negative things in our environment because those are the things that are most likely to harm us.

As a result, those most likely to survive and pass their genes to the next generation were those who were particularly sensitive to danger in the environment. Another reason mean people are more noticeable is that their behavior is often particularly offensive and hurtful. We are more likely to notice and dwell on the person who cut us off in traffic rather than the person who let us merge.

The more malicious the behavior, the more likely we are to be distressed and to dwell on what occurred. However, this supports my position that meanness isn't the norm. For instance, notice what stories make the news. The nature of news is that it is unusual or it has an extreme impact on people's lives. A good example is that the West Nile virus that had significantly fewer episodes and fatalities than the flu got much more media attention. Or a major airplane crash, because it is so rare, will get extensive coverage.

And certainly, anything negative tends to generate more media focus than positive things. Therefore, since meanness gets our attention, I would propose that it is actually rarer than niceness but more noticeable.

Unfortunately, another aspect of meanness that makes it more visible is that it is often rewarded. Sometimes the reward can be tangible such as a ruthless businessman being rewarded by making more money. However, it can also be rewarded with attention or escalation of conflict. It varies with each person what sort of reward is meaningful, although for meanness to continue there must be some sort of reward to the perpetrator.

We will examine this further as we look at the different reasons for meanness. However, I believe that, in general, the following categories represent a continuum of meanness from unintentional to malicious.

Unintentional meanness refers to behavior or statements that the recipient may perceive as mean but that weren't intended to be hurtful. Whereas malicious meanness is behavior or statements that have the purpose of hurting the recipient. The idea of a continuum is that most mean behavior is a mixture of intentionality. Also, much of intentional meanness may not be severe enough in its impact to be considered malicious. Therefore, malicious meanness for the purpose of this article and the categories I have created is considered both intended and extreme.

The following reasons for meanness are listed in order, to the best of my ability, from the unintentional situations that may be perceived as being mean, to the reactive situations in which people are mean, to the situations with malicious intentions.

Frequently people will perceive a behavior as mean when there was no intention to be hurtful. Instead, the behavior may be due to a lack of skills, a lack of knowledge, or a lack of awareness. It is important to be able to determine if this may be the case because there are many situations in which people appear mean for these reasons when they have no such intention.

Sometimes others may be focused internally or on something else and don't notice your situation. For example, someone doesn't let you merge in traffic because their attention is focused on their companion and they don't notice that you want to merge. Certainly, you could make a case that they should be paying more attention in traffic.

However, the evidence isn't available that they were being mean; instead they were unaware. Also, lack of awareness is often involved with cultural differences. For instance, a great deal of misunderstandings occur because of personal space. Research has shown that in the U. Someone from another culture who stands much closer may be interpreted as intimidating or rude. Some people may have little insight or awareness of how they impact others.

They might tend to be more concrete in their thought processes and don't realize their behavior may be hurtful or rude. Some people are insulted by the question because they believe it implies they are old. Someone with little insight about others' feelings may not realize that they insulted someone.

Some people may have poor social skills. They may not have been taught the proper social skills or they may not have the experience with social interaction to have learned the skills.

As a result, they may be awkward interacting with others. For instance, someone who is shy or who has Asperger's Syndrome may not make adequate eye contact. Some people may interpret this as lack of interest and be insulted. Some people may not know certain skills such as solving problems assertively. When they are attempting to learn these skills they may not be able to find the right words or tone of voice that comes with more experience. When people are first learning these skills they may appear more aggressive than they intend.

A compound of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate salt and baking soda , natron essentially dried out the corpse. Obtained from dried-up river beds, it was packed around and inside the body in linen bags, and left for 35 to 40 days to draw moisture out of the tissues.

By removing the organs and packing the internal cavity with dry natron, the body tissues were preserved. The body was filled with Nile mud, sawdust, lichen and cloth scraps to make it more flexible. Small cooking onions or linen pads were sometimes used to replace the eyes. Beginning in the third dynasty, the internal organs lungs, stomach, liver and intestines were removed, washed with palm wine and spices, and stored in four separate canopic jars made of limestone, calcite or clay.

Prior to this, the abdominal contents were removed, wrapped and buried in the floor of the tomb. However, the heart was left in the body because it was considered the centre of intelligence. T he corpse was then washed , wrapped in linen as many as 35 layers and soaked in resins and oils.

This gave the skin a blackened appearance resembling pitch. The term "mummification" comes from the Arabic word mummiya , which mean bitumen, a pitch substance that was first used in the preservation process during the Late Period.

The family of the deceased supplied the burial linen, which was made from old bed sheets or used clothing. I n the Middle Kingdom , it became standard practice to place a mask over the face of the deceased.

The majority of these were made of cartonnage papyrus or linen coated with gesso, a type of plaster , but wood and, in the case of royal mummies , silver and gold, were also used. The most famous mask is Tutankhamun's. T he ancient embalmers used very few tools, and once their work was completed, they sometimes left them in or near the tomb.

The basic tool kit included a knife to make the abdominal incision, hooked bronze rods to extract brain matter, a wooden adze-like tool to remove internal organs, and a funnel to pour resins into the cranial cavity through the nose. T he Egyptians mummified animals as well as humans -- everything from bulls and hawks to ichneumons and snakes. Some have been found in large quantities, while others are rare. Many species were raised in the temples to be sacrificed to the gods.

Autopsies on cats show that most had had their necks broken when they were about two years old. Although the tomb preparation usually had begun long before the person's actual death, now there was a deadline, and craftsmen, workers, and artists worked quickly. There was much to be placed in the tomb that a person would need in the Afterlife.

Furniture and statuettes were readied; wall paintings of religious or daily scenes were prepared; and lists of food or prayers finished. Through a magical process, these models, pictures, and lists would become the real thing when needed in the Afterlife. Everything was now ready for the funeral. As part of the funeral, priests performed special religious rites at the tomb's entrance.

The most important part of the ceremony was called the "Opening of the Mouth. By touching the instrument to the mouth, the dead person could now speak and eat. He was now ready for his journey to the Afterlife. The mummy was placed in his coffin, or coffins, in the burial chamber and the entrance sealed up. Such elaborate burial practices might suggest that the Egyptians were preoccupied with thoughts of death. On the contrary, they began early to make plans for their death because of their great love of life.

They could think of no life better than the present, and they wanted to be sure it would continue after death. But why preserve the body? The Egyptians believed that the mummified body was the home for this soul or spirit. If the body was destroyed, the spirit might be lost. The idea of "spirit" was complex involving really three spirits: the ka, ba, and akh. The ka, a "double" of the person, would remain in the tomb and needed the offerings and objects there. The ba, or "soul", was free to fly out of the tomb and return to it.

And it was the akh, perhaps translated as "spirit", which had to travel through the Underworld to the Final Judgment and entrance to the Afterlife. To the Egyptian, all three were essential. After death, the pharaohs of Egypt usually were mummified and buried in elaborate tombs. Members of the nobility and officials also often received the same treatment, and occasionally, common people.

However, the process was an expensive one, beyond the means of many. For religious reasons, some animals were also mummified. The sacred bulls from the early dynasties had their own cemetery at Sakkara. Baboons, cats, birds, and crocodiles, which also had great religious significance, were sometimes mummified, especially in the later dynasties. Ancient writers, modern scientists, and the mummies themselves all help us better understand the Egyptian mummification process and the culture in which it existed.

Much of what we know about the actual process is based on the writings of early historians such as Herodotus who carefully recorded the process during his travels to Egypt around BCE.

Present-day archaeologists and other specialists are adding to this knowledge. The development of x-rays now makes it possible to x-ray mummies without destroying the elaborate outer wrappings. By studying the x-rays or performing autopsies on unwrapped bodies, experts are learning more about diseases suffered by the Egyptians and their medical treatment.

After the embalmers removed the organs and re-stuffed the body, they laid the body down on a sloped board and covered it completely with natron powder. The Egyptians collected this powder, a mixture of sodium compounds , from the shores of Egyptian lakes in the desert west of the Nile Delta. Unlike the hot sand that dried the earliest Egyptian mummies, the salty natron absorbed moisture without severely darkening and hardening the skin.

The embalmers left the body in the powder for 35 to 40 days to allow enough time for the body to dry completely. During this waiting period, somebody had to stand guard, as the body's strong odor attracted desert scavengers.

After the 40 days were finished, the body was brought to the Wabet , the "House of Purification. In some eras, to make the desiccated body more lifelike, the embalmers also stuffed material under the skin in the arms, legs and head. When the body was fully stuffed, the embalmers sewed up the incisions and covered the skin with a resin layer in order to keep moisture out.

The body was then ready for the wrapping, or bandaging , procedure. Bandaging was a very involved process, and it typically took a week or two to complete. While the deceased was drying in the desert, his or her family gathered roughly 4, square feet sq.

The wealthy sometimes used material that had clothed sacred statues, while the lower classes collected old clothing and other household linen. When the linen was delivered, the embalmers selected the highest-quality material and stripped it into long "bandages" measuring 3 to 8 inches across. The embalmers then wrapped the body in a shroud and began methodically winding the bandages around the different parts of the body.

Typically, they started with the hands and feet, wrapping all of the fingers and toes individually, and then moved on to the head, arms, legs and torso.

Once all the parts of the body were wrapped, the embalmers began wrapping the body as a whole. As they applied new layers, the embalmers coated the linen with hot resin material to glue the bandages in place.

However, under the general rules for business deductions you couldn't deduct these expenses, because only expenses for an existing trade or business can be deducted. By definition, you incur your startup expenses prior to the time that your business is born. Fortunately, there are two relief provisions that allow you to obtain a tax benefit from some, or all, of your startup expenses:. What costs qualify? Only those costs that would be deductible if they were incurred by an existing trade or business are eligible for the election.

Investigation expenses that can be deducted over the month period include those relating both to business conditions generally, and those relating to a specific business, such as market or product research to determine the feasibility of starting a certain type of business.

The costs of checking out the various factors involved in site selection would also be an amortizable investigation expense. Amortizable costs of creating a business include advertising, wages and salaries, professional and consultant fees, and costs of travel before the business actually begins. We're an online bookkeeping service powered by real humans. Bench gives you a dedicated bookkeeper supported by a team of knowledgeable small business experts.

Your bookkeeping team imports bank statements, categorizes transactions, and prepares financial statements every month.

Get started with a free month of bookkeeping. This post is to be used for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, business, or tax advice. Each person should consult his or her own attorney, business advisor, or tax advisor with respect to matters referenced in this post. Bench assumes no liability for actions taken in reliance upon the information contained herein. Sign up for a trial of Bench. IRS changes procedures for elections to deduct and amortize start-up and organizational expenditures.

Private equity, hedge fund, mutual fund industry tax development. Save for later. Contact us Submit RFP. Did you find this useful? Yes No.

Welcome back. Still not a member? Join My Deloitte. To claim the cost of amortizing these costs for a year, use Form Depreciation and Amortization. Then, include the form on your tax return. You deduct the costs on your tax return by listing them under Other Expenses. You can write off any expenses you had for creating or buying an active trade or business or for investigating a business opportunity. You can also write off costs for forming a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company LLC , including registering your business with a state, creating a partnership agreement or shareholders agreement.

You can also deduct fees for attorneys, CPAs, and business brokers who help you set up or buy your business. Startup costs are included in the value of your business as capital costs, and they must be deducted over 15 years using a process called amortization. The costs are for starting up the business and for costs of organizing for corporations, partnerships, and limited liability companies. To take the write-off for amortization for each year, use IRS Form and include it in your business tax return.

The election to deduct is included on your business tax return as part of "Other Income. Most business startup costs must be amortized, not depreciated. This process is used to spread the cost of intangible business assets over a period of years. Startup costs include attorney fees, business registration fees, security deposits, and website setup.

Other costs for buying tangible items used for more than a year for your new business can be depreciated, like a sign, a vehicle, or furniture for your business office. You may also be able to take accelerated depreciation to depreciate more of these costs.

Begin by adding up all your startup costs and costs for organizing your new business.

The present study has some limitations. In this study, undiluted C9 and C10 compounds were used as fragrance stimuli; the results may have differed if the concentration of these compounds was changed. Further, the EEG readings were recorded for a short duration 45 s for no odor, and 45 s for odor conditions.

In addition, there have been significant variations in the EEG activity according to gender. In light of these limitations, EEG recordings for a slightly longer duration, and different concentrations of C9 and C10, are needed for understanding their exact action on EEG oscillations. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Biomedicines v. Published online Jul Hae Jin Choi 3 Foundation of Agri. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer.

Received May 7; Accepted Jul This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Keywords: electroencephalography, decanal, inhalation, nonanal, nostril. Introduction The human nasal cavity is a primary sensory organ, which contains a couple of nerve systems such as the trigeminal system and the olfactory system [ 1 , 2 ].

Methods 2. Subjects Twenty healthy volunteers 10 males and 10 females aged 20—30 years participated in the EEG measurements. Experimental Design The one-group pre-test and post-test research design was used in this study 20 participants.

Fragrance Administration The aldehydes, C9 and C10 were used as the fragrance stimuli. Data Analysis Two EEG segments were selected for each condition, 45 s for no odor presentation and 45 s for odor presentation. Results In this study, the effect of inhalation of undiluted aldehydes, C9 and C10, on EEG activity in relation to nostril variation, was investigated. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Table 1 Significant changes of electroencephalographic EEG power spectrum values during the binasal inhalations of aldehydes C9 and C Table 2 Significant changes of EEG power spectrum values during the left nostril inhalation of C10 odor.

Table 3 Significant changes of EEG power spectrum values during the right nostril inhalation of C10 odor. Discussion In recent times, a number of studies have reported the influence of fragrances on psychological and physiological conditions of human [ 6 , 7 ].

Figure 5. Author Contributions M. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References 1. Ishimaru T. Topographical differences in the sensitivity of the human nasal mucosa to olfactory and trigeminal stimuli. Leopold D. Anterior distribution of human olfactory epithelium. Small D. Differential neural responses evoked by orthonasal versus retronasal odorant perception in humans. Kahana-Zweig R. Measuring and characterizing the human nasal cycle.

Sobel N. The world smells different to each nostril. Angelucci F. Physiological effect of olfactory stimuli inhalation in humans: An overview. Sowndhararajan K. Influence of fragrances on human psychophysiological activity: With special reference to human electroencephalographic response.

Kutlu A. Effects of aroma inhalation on examination anxiety. Robins J. The science and art of aromatherapy. Kim M. Matsubara E. The essential oil of Abies sibirica Pinaceae reduces arousal levels after visual display terminal work. Flavour Fragr. Skoric M. Electroencephalographic response to different odors in healthy individuals: A promising tool for objective assessment of olfactory disorders.

EEG Neurosci. Effect of inhalation of essential oil from Inula helenium L. Seo M. Influence of binasal and uninasal inhalations of essential oil of Abies koreana twigs on electroencephalographic activity of human. Aldehyde sources, metabolism, molecular toxicity mechanisms, and possible effects on human health.

Surburg H. Omonov T. The production of biobased nonanal by ozonolysis of fatty acids. RSC Adv. Otienoburu P. Analysis and optimization of a synthetic milkweed floral attractant for mosquitoes. Haze S. Baharum S. Analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil of Polygonum minus Huds. In the interest of open information what this article does not explain is that aldehydes in their natural organic form are, as in citrus rind and citronella, natural mildicides and insecticides.

That is why they are used in concentrated forms as insecticides. The Cancer Prevention Coalition www. Michael, thank you! Chandler should be credited with opening up the dialogue and that's priceless. He paved the way for openness which is something not even LT did. I would propose the term "inedible" but that might not seem so attractive to customers. But several gorgeous "notes" do seem like the opposite of "edible" don't they?

Soap, powder, earth, that piercing sharpness of some aldehydes Thanks for your support on the work done! Much appreciated. Xavier, I realise that there might be dangers, but IMHO it's beyond the scope of this particular article which was more of an educational resource from the point of view of perfume lover. At least aldehydes in perfumery are used in relatively small amounts and are not ingested. Same with coumarin and fyrocoumarins etc. Thanks for providing the link to the Cancer Prevention Coalition, will give it a lookg.

Type your comment in the box, choose the Profile option you prefer from the drop down menu, below text box Anonymous is fine too! And you're set! Ask any aspiring perfumista about aldehydes and you will hear that they are synthetic materials first used in Chanel No. This is what they have been told time and again. The truth? However No. Nor is No. Several essence reconstitutions by chemists involved using aldehydes as various types can also be synthesized in the laboratory.

The carbon atom of this group has two remaining bonds that may be occupied by hydrogen or alkyl or aryl substituents. If at least one of these substituents is hydrogen, the compound is an aldehyde. If neither is hydrogen, the compound is a ketone. The majority of aldehydes and ketones have strong odors. Ketones generally have a pleasant smell and they are frequently found in perfumes e. They are also used in food flavorings. Aldehydes vary in smell with most of the lower molecular weight smelling bad rotten fruits , yet some of the higher molecular weight aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes smell quite pleasant and are thus used in perfumery.

Discovered in Russia by A. Butlerov in it is very reactive, used in dyes, medical drugs, insecticides and famously as a preservative and embalming fluid. Acetaldehyde is the name of the shortest carbon chain aldehyde and is one of the oldest known aldehydes first made in by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Hardly a fragrance exists without some kind of aldehyde in it, which incidentally makes insisting the greatness of No.

It is the cleverness of marketing and the propagation of a myth that No. Chanel No. The soapy feel is unmistakeable! As an exercise compare that smell with your Chanel No. Often the compounds are patented under commercial names; therefore their true nature remains arcane even to perfume lovers who might have seen them mentioned. For instance Triplal, a patented molecule by IFF: its chemical name is 2,4-dimethylcyclohexenecarboxaldehyde. Its smell? Powerfully green and herbal, like crushing ligustra leaves between fingers.

None of the characteristic aldehydes of Chanel No. One interesting ingredient is phenylacetaldehyde which has a pronounced green note top in natural narcissus and thus used to recreate a narcissus note in perfumery. The hydrocinnamic aldehydes are another family of materials from the manipulation of benzene and their odor profile resembles lily of the valley muguet and cyclamen.

One of them is the famous Lilial patented name for lily aldehyde; also known as Lilistralis , widely used in the replication of that elusive natural essence, lily of the valley. Another is Cyclamen aldehyde usually produced with cumene as a starting material.

Aromatic aldehydes have very complex chemical structures but are the easiest to identify by smell. Anisaldehyde smells like licorice. Benzaldehyde on the other hand, has an odour profile of almonds and has several chemical constituents: cinnamaldehyde, amylcinnamic aldehyde, hexylcinnamic aldehyde. Higher members, on the other hand, such as amylcinnamic aldehydes ACA and hexylcinnamic aldehyde HCA project a fatty jasmine impression despite their abscence from natural jasmine oils!

Most synthetic jasmine perfumes today use one or both because they are inexpensive Their fibre-substantive qualities also make them perfect candidates for laundry detergents and fabric conditionners. Additionally, the aldehyde vanillin is a constituent in many vanilla-scented perfumes.

So nothing is as simplistic as one might assume! Labels: aldehydes , chemistry , fragrance making , fragrance science , material , myth debunking.

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Log In. Please enter your email address: Submit. Powered by CITE. Know another quote from You Got Served? Don't let people miss on a great quote from the "You Got Served" movie - add it here! Add a Quote. Our favorite collection of Famous Movies ». Michael Curtiz - Die Hard. John McTiernan - Gus Van Sant - Martin Scorsese - Citizen Kane. Orson Welles - Rowdy Herrington - John G.

Avildsen - Browse Quotes. Quiz Are you a quotes master? Who the fuck are you , mothafucka? Brown You got served. Walks away from car. A slang expression that is usually used when someone proves that they are better than someone else. Meagan Good Beautifull as Beautifull. Steve Harvey Mr. Rad as Mr. Christopher Jones Wade as Wade. Esther Scott Grandma as Grandma. Irene Stokes Nurse as Nurse. Dorien Wilson Doctor as Doctor. More like this. Watch options.

Storyline Edit. Elgin and David are best friends and leaders of the best dance crew in the area. When another town's top group challenges them to a battle, David and Elgin, along with their buddies, must create and perfect the most cutting edge moves in order to remain on top. The stakes are raised as friends double-cross each other and true motives are revealed. When the biggest battle comes to town, David and Elgin must work past their differences to prove that they are still the best crew on the streets.

If you want respect, you've got to take it. Rated PG for thematic elements and sexual references. Add content advisory. Did you know Edit. Trivia All of the film's battles were very competitive in real life. The fight that breaks out during the first battle with Wade's crew was not in the script, but everyone was so mad at each other that they just started fighting. While filming the opening battle, the director would yell "cut", but Omarion kept battling with Columbus Short.

Omari does a back flip, while at the same time Columbus does a move that looks like he is pulling David up. View All Critic Reviews Jan 21, It's dull in plot and flat in performance, but You Got Served's undeniably talented choreography and energetic dance numbers is just enough to shroud the plentiful missteps the film took.

Eugene B Super Reviewer. Nov 23, Another street dance movie, how many of these rubbish does America need? Sylvester K Super Reviewer. Oct 31, It was "cool". Other than the dancing, everything else was cheesy: acting, scenes, etc.

Good to watch once, but nothing more. Eric A Super Reviewer. Apr 02, I've seen quite a couple movies about dance crews. Many have great dancing but don't really have a plot.

I give "You Got Served" kudos for actually having a story. After the dance-off, the crew finds out that most of their moves were taken. They get SERVED by the other crew and comepete in a professional dance-off where not only they win a lot of moola, but get casted in Lil' Kim's new music video. I forgot to mention the film's subplots.

There is a romance subplot that revolves around Omarion and the cute Jennifer Freeman and a whole lazily developed gangster crime subplot. The crime subplot didn't work and the romance was "meh". I really like hip-hop and break dancing but this movie just didn't work. I find it so funny how the creators try to get us emotionally attatched to the characters. I know you readers are not gonna waste your time seeing this depending on your tastes but one character gets killed off-screen.

The acting was okay not terrible. By the way the characters act and go along, we know we're not going to remember them by the time the film ends. These aren't memorable characters. Break dancers just come and go. Predictability level: high and low. At some points we knew how it was gonna go down and some points we don't. Lastly, the dancing. Good but not great. Dance moves are so familiar and been-there-done-that. Better than many dance flicks but it still isn't anything special.

I've seen many movies that are so better than this. I'll just watch "America's Best Dance Crew" for the time being. Bentley L Super Reviewer.

Strange, the apple, and other things fell even before, but what made him discover the gravitational force and state the law of gravity an apple falling from the tree! The Technology Apple: Ha! We bet you knew about it but ever thought it to be the answer when asked a question? Well, the Apple by Steve Jobs led to a drastic change in the world of technology and gadgets.

Today, the world is swayed by the company and its latest launches. Every year people wait curiously for the company to launch the latest gadget. Indeed an Apple loved by many and one that brought a huge change in its own way.

It was just that you never thought it this way. The three apples that brought great changes in the world, one from the origin of the worldly affairs, issues, and conditions to the one telling us how are we able to walk on the road, to the one we are in awe with!

But the ones who rebound from it are the ones who can achieve great things. That's one of the lessons right there. The other is: life choices. If God would gave Adam only the good path choice that wouldn't be a choice at all, it would be an obligation. So for that matter, free will it's what this lesson it's all about. As you live you learn, and by learning from your failures and others in the future probably you'll make better choices and succeed at what you couldn't do in the past.

Isaac Newton's Apple. He "discovered" gravity after the falling of an apple from a tree. Gravity was considered for years as an absurd theory and just an old myth. The falling of the apple gave Newton the final inspiration to wright his own gravitation theory that made him worldwide famous. Newton was part of the cultural movement of intellectuals know in history as the Age of Enlightenment.

The purpose of the Enlightenment was to challenge conventional and traditional thoughts with reason and scientific methods. So next time you see an apple, think of it as the sole reason we exist here! Apple Inc. Probably the most talked about, Apple is the most valuable company which revolutionized the tech world.

So how did this company come up with the name? Steve was a vegetarian and apple was on his list of fruitarian diets. Another notable thing is that the logo has the apple half eaten. Ever wondered why? June 6, Jayne Clare. Written by Jayne Clare Jayne Clare is dedicated to being in the forefront of the ever-changing digital landscape.

Jayne co-founded Teachers With Apps in Shashank Mehrotra. Teachers With Apps Certification Program.