In vitro fertilization During in vitro fertilization, eggs are removed from mature follicles within an ovary A. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Infertility: An overview — A guide for patients. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Accessed April 4, Jameson JL, et al. Female infertility: Evaluation and management. In: Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric.
Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; Accessed April 27, Clinical management of male infertility. Accessed March 25, Wein AJ, et al. Male infertility. In: Campbell-Walsh Urology. Philadelphia, Pa. Accessed May 5, Frequently asked questions. Gynecologic problems FAQ Treating infertility. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Infertility FAQs.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed May 2, Kuohung W, et al. Overview of infertility. Evans-Hoeker EA, et al. Major depression, antidepressant use, and male and female infertility. Fertility and Sterility. Evaluating infertility. Lobo RA. Infertility: Etiology, diagnostic evaluation, management, prognosis. In: Comprehensive Gynecology. Treatments for female infertility. Committee Opinion No. Reaffirmed Hornstein MD, et al. Optimizing natural fertility in couples planning pregnancy.
Male infertility adult. Rochester, Minn. MRIs can be helpful in some situations, such as identifying lesions or rare abnormalities inside the pelvis and uterus. Laparoscopy is an out-patient surgical procedure that uses a thin, lighted tube a laparoscope.
It can also be used to look for abnormalities inside the pelvis. It is generally accurate in diagnosing infertility. It can be used to treat problems that cause infertility such as scar tissue, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, fibroids and endometriosis, a condition in which uterine lining tissue grows outside the uterus. Very occasionally infertility in women is related to difficulty the sperm has getting from the vagina to the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
To determine if there is a problem with the cervical factor as this is called, a fertility doctor may run the following procedures or tests:. Your fertility specialist will talk to you about your sexual history with your partner. Questions such as the frequency and timing of intercourse are critical.
Intercourse should occur every 1. Additional factors such as the type of lubricants that can interfere with sperm, ejaculatory problems and other issues that can affect the delivery of sperm to the cervix at the right time will be explored. This sexual history will also look carefully at your medical history, including: abnormal Pap smears, cervical or vaginal operations, and other surgeries.
The lack of high quality mucus can mean the cervix has problems producing mucus or it may reflect poor timing of sexual intercourse. Prior surgery of the cervix can also affect cervical mucus production. A post-coital test analyzes cervical mucus within a few hours of sexual intercourse to inspect the interaction between sperm and cervical mucus. However, in recent years, fertility doctors have stopped using the test. Many studies show it cannot help predict pregnancy.
In some situations, the test can at least confirm that the sperm is near the cervix after intercourse. However, these tests are now rarely performed because they do not help predict pregnancy. A small amount of fluid is injected into your womb through a tube put into the neck of your womb the cervix.
Ultrasound is used to look at the fluid as it passes through the fallopian tubes to check for any blockages or abnormalities. If the test suggests a possible blockage, your doctor will refer you to a specialist to discuss further checks, such as laparoscopy.
A hysterosalpingogram is an X-ray of your womb and fallopian tubes after a special dye has been injected. It can be used to find blockages in your fallopian tubes, which may be stopping eggs travelling along the tubes and into your womb. Laparoscopy keyhole surgery involves making a small cut in your lower tummy so a thin tube with a camera at the end a laparoscope can be inserted to examine your womb, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Dye may be injected into your fallopian tubes through your cervix to highlight any blockages in them.
Laparoscopy is usually only used if it's likely that you have a problem — for example, if you've had an episode of pelvic inflammatory disease PID in the past, or if scans suggest a possible blockage of one or both of your tubes. This is to check for problems with sperm, such as a low sperm count or sperm that are not moving properly. A sample of your urine will be tested to check for chlamydia , as it can affect fertility. Read about the different treatments for infertility.
Page last reviewed: 18 February Next review due: 18 February When to get medical help See your GP if you have not conceived after a year of trying. You should see a GP sooner if: you are female and are aged 36 or over — the decline in fertility speeds up when reaching your mids have any other reason to be concerned about your fertility, for example, if you've had treatment for cancer or you think you might have had a sexually transmitted infection STI Fertility tests can take time and female fertility decreases with age, so it's best to make an appointment early.
Questions your doctor may ask The GP will ask you about your medical and sexual history. Previous pregnancies and children If you're a woman, the GP will discuss any previous births and any complications with previous pregnancies. Length of time trying to conceive The GP will ask how long you've been trying to conceive. Of those who do not conceive in the first year, about half will conceive in the second year. Sex You'll be asked how often you have sex and whether you have any difficulties during sex.
If the fertility problem is related to sex, it might be overcome easily. Length of time since stopping contraception You'll be asked about the type of contraception you previously used and when you stopped using it. Medical history and symptoms The GP will discuss any medical conditions you have or had in the past, including sexually transmitted infections STIs. Medicine Some medicines can affect your fertility. Lifestyle Several lifestyle factors can affect your fertility.
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